Hi is there anyone who can give me advise on a child with hemophilia?

My son is 2 and a half and was wondering what to expectHi is there anyone who can give me advise on a child with hemophilia?
HemophiliaBumps and scrapes are a part of every child's life. For most children, a tumble off a bike or a stray kick in a soccer game means a temporary bruise or a healing scab. But for children with hemophilia, these normal traumas of childhood are reason for extra concern.





Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder that prevents the blood from clotting properly. Currently, about 17,000 people in the United States have hemophilia. About one in every 8,000 boys is born with hemophilia; girls are more rarely affected by this genetic condition linked to gender. A male can't pass the gene for hemophilia to his sons, though all his daughters will be carriers of the disease gene. Each male child of a female carrier has a 50% chance of having hemophilia.





What Is Hemophilia?


Human blood contains special proteins, known as clotting factors. Identified by Roman numerals, clotting factors help stop bleeding and allow a blood vessel to heal after an injury. The last step in the clotting process (also called coagulation) is the creation of a ';net'; that closes the torn blood vessel and stops the bleeding. This part of the process involves clotting factors VIII and IX. People with hemophilia are deficient in one of those factors due to their disease genes, and as a result, their blood can't clot properly.





Hemophilia A, also known as factor VIII deficiency, is the cause of about 80% of cases. Hemophilia B, which makes up the majority of the remaining 20% of cases, is a deficiency of factor IX. Patients are classified as mild, moderate, or severe, based on the amount of factor present in the blood.





Each case of hemophilia is unique. A patient whose blood tests suggest severe hemophilia may only bleed occasionally, whereas another patient with a milder form may bleed more often. The reasons for this variability may relate to other clotting factors or to differences in behaviors that present different risks of injury.





Signs and Symptoms


Signs and symptoms of hemophilia vary, depending on severity of the factor deficiency and the location of the bleeding. Few babies are diagnosed with hemophilia within the first 6 months of life because they're unlikely to sustain an injury that would lead to bleeding. For example, only about 30% of males with hemophilia bleed excessively when circumcised and only 1% to 2% of newborns with hemophilia have bleeding within the skull (called an intracranial hemorrhage).





Once babies with hemophilia begin crawling and cruising, parents may notice raised bruises on the stomach, chest, buttocks, and back. Sometimes, because bruises appear in unlikely places, parents may be suspected of child abuse before their child is diagnosed with hemophilia.





The baby may also be fussy and may not want to reach for a cup, walk, or crawl. Other symptoms include:





prolonged nosebleeds


excessive bleeding from biting down on the lips or tongue


excessive bleeding following a tooth extraction


excessive bleeding following surgery


blood in the urine (called hematuria)


The most common type of bleeding in hemophilia involves muscles and joints. A child with hemophilia will usually refuse to move the affected joint or muscle because of pain and swelling. Recurrent joint bleeding can also lead to chronic damage.





Diagnosis


Your child's doctor may suspect your child has hemophilia if there's a pattern of bruising and bleeding, particularly if this includes bleeding into the joint. Diagnosing the condition requires a set of blood tests, including a complete blood count (CBC), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT), factor VIII level, and factor IX level.


Treatment


Although hemophilia is a lifelong condition with no cure, it can be successfully managed with clotting factor replacement therapy - periodic infusions of the deficient clotting factor into the child's bloodstream. Factor replacement may be given through an intravenous (IV) line either at the hematology clinic or at home by a visiting nurse or by parents (and even older patients) who have undergone special training. Your child's hemophilia team (doctors called hematologists who specialize in treating blood disorders, nurse practitioners, nurses, and social workers) will teach you how to prepare the concentrated clotting factor and when and how to inject it into your child's vein. Once the clotting factor is ';infused,'; it begins to work quickly and helps prevent joint damage.





Although these treatments are effective, they are also expensive. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, most children in the United States who begin receiving regular infusions early in life will exhaust the average lifetime insurance limit of $1,000,000 by their second decade.





Between 14% and 25% of children with severe hemophilia A develop inhibitors (antibodies to the clotting factor). Their bodies view the clotting factor as a foreign substance and develop inhibitors that block its clotting action. This can make the hemophilia difficult to treat. One method for overcoming the inhibitors is to increase the body's tolerance to the clotting factor by carefully infusing increasing amounts of the clotting factor over time. Inhibitors to factor IX (hemophilia B) are less common.





Also, a new medication called recombinant factor VII has helped many patients with inhibitors. It activates another part of the coagulation process directly and bypasses the deficiencies.





Preventing Problems


You can help your child with hemophilia prevent problems by encouraging healthy behaviors now. For example, exercise can strengthen your child's muscles and help decrease bleeding from injuries. Swimming is strongly encouraged because it exercises all the muscle groups without putting stress on the joints.





Your child's weight should also be managed properly, because excess weight can cause strain in regions of the body. If your child is overweight, speak to your child's doctor for advice on weight management.





Medications can also help prevent problems in children within hemophilia. Many patients prevent ';bleeds'; by infusing clotting factors on a regular basis (usually two or three times per week). Some young children have a surgical procedure to implant a central venous catheter (a hollow, soft tube) into a vein. The catheter can be used to give concentrates of clotting factors.





Your Child's Needs


Although each stage of development comes with its own set of issues, experts say the toddler and teenage years can be the most challenging for a child with hemophilia. Both phases naturally involve a child's quest for independence. For example, a toddler may not tell his or her parents about an injury that resulted from doing something that wasn't allowed (i.e., riding a bike without a helmet, jumping on the furniture, running in the house, etc.). Most children, though, will discover that seeking prompt treatment is better than waiting until pain and swelling become unbearable.





Ask your family members, caregivers, and your child's teachers if they would like to learn more about hemophilia by meeting with your child's doctor or other members of the hemophilia team





You should also encourage your child to still participate in activities, which may mean that he or she has to take on a different role at times. For example, if hemophilia prevents your child from participating in a contact sport, he or she can still be a part of the team as the scorekeeper or assistant manager.





Another excellent way to help children with hemophilia cope is to send them to an appropriate summer camp. Several camps provide children who have bleeding disorders with an opportunity to meet other kids with the same condition, as well as to work toward being able to give themselves clotting factor replacement therapy, which can give them a sense of control over hemophilia. Ask your child's doctor for information about finding a camp near you.


Caring for Your Child With Hemophilia


When your child is an infant, you should put bumper pads in the crib, cushion furniture with sharp edges, and put gates across stairs to prevent falls. As your baby begins to crawl and walk, special knee and elbow pads can offer protection against joint bleeds. Some parents sew a pocket in the seat of their child's pants and pad it with a piece of diaper. If your house has ceramic tile or hardwood floors, consider installing carpet or buying rugs to soften the floor surface.





Depending on how rambunctious and adventurous your toddler is, you might want to have him or her wear a helmet to protect against head injuries.





Dental care is just as important for a child with hemophilia, but routine cleanings can sometimes cause bleeding. For this reason, it's important that your child's dentist has experience with hemophilia. This will make it easier for the dentist to respond to any bleeding.





Children with hemophilia can generally sense when a bleed has occurred. They often describe a tingly or bubbly sensation in a joint. It may also feel warm to the touch. Encourage your child to tell you when he or she senses a bleed - a quick infusion is the key to preventing long-term damage.





Doctors also recommend splinting an affected joint for a short period of time and then applying ice to decrease inflammation, promote clotting, and relieve pain. Acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) is the preferred pain reliever because many other over-the-counter pain medications contain aspirin or NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen or naproxen sodium), which can affect blood platelets and lead to increased bleeding.





Bleeds must be treated promptly because prolonged bleeding can cause joint disorders. The accumulation of blood in the joint spaces can erode the smooth surfaces that allow limbs to bend easily. As the surfaces roughen, inflammation and the number of bleeds can increase. This cycle can lead to chronic joint damage that may require surgery to remove the damaged joint tissue (called a synovectomy).





When to Call Your Child's Doctor


Certain bleeds require medical attention, including those injuries affecting:





the central nervous system - any suspected trauma to the head, neck, or back


the face, including the eyes and ears


the throat or another portion of the airway


the gastrointestinal tract (which might produce signs such as bright red or black blood in your child's stool)


the kidneys and urinary tract (if you find blood in your child's urine, this may require treatment and bed rest)


the iliopsoas muscle in the trunk (which might produce signs that mimic a hip or abdominal bleed, including lower abdominal/groin or upper thigh pain, an inability to raise the leg on the affected side, and a feeling of relief when contracting or flexing that side of the body)


the genital area


the hips or shoulders (these can be complicated bleeds because they involve the rotator joints)


large muscle compartments, such as the thighs


If the bleed requires going to the emergency room, make sure your child is treated at a hospital that has experience treating hemophilia. Any injury affecting the brain or any part of the central nervous system or a vital organ should be treated as an emergency and you should get medical assistance immediately.





Looking to the Future


Tremendous advances have been made in the treatment of hemophilia, and most patients can now lead full, healthy lives with careful management of their condition.





The development of clotting factors made in the laboratory has virtually eliminated the danger of transfusion-related infection with HIV or hepatitis viruses from clotting factor replacement therapy. And regular home-based infusions have helped reduce chronic joint problems.





In the future, people with hemophilia may have access to continuous infusion of clotting factors under the skin or in pill form. Some doctors are also encouraged by research involving gene therapy.





Thanks to advances like these, children with hemophilia can now participate in a wide range of sports and have the freedom to lead more active lives.


hope this helps :)

Some advise for connection speed on xbox live?

ok, so, i have comcast with high speed internet, port forwarding and a wired connection. every time i log on to call of duty 4 it says that i have 2 or 3 bars. this is enough to make me lag so bad that i cant get kills. by the time i see them they're already shooting me. i have tried all obvious solutions including NAT . Pretty much no matter what i do it still lags.Some advise for connection speed on xbox live?
Comcast has ruined my xbox live xperience as well, lose comcastSome advise for connection speed on xbox live?
try and unplug everythgn and reconnect it in a different order, if tht is possible, and i know what u mean about lag, it sucks

Hi can anyone advise if you can give a dog experiencing a phantom pregnancy epsom salts to help with milk?

No, if you give it orally she will get diarrhoea. If you use it on her nipples she will lick it off and could get diarrhoea.





The hormonal changes the ***** undergoes following oestrus are similar whether she is pregnant or not. Changing levels in circulating hormones in the pregnant and pseudo pregnant animal are accentuated and the reason that this occurs in an animal that has not conceived is poorly understood.


Treatment:


Mild cases are frequently not treated by the vet and will subside of their own accord in approximately 14-21 days.





However in some cases where the ***** appears physically ill or the behavioural changes are of such magnitude as to cause concern, treatment has to be instituted. Most treatments involve the use of hormonal drugs to reduce the milk production .Hi can anyone advise if you can give a dog experiencing a phantom pregnancy epsom salts to help with milk?
Hi Kimberly,





Not a good idea. But you could help her mammary glands to produce less milk by reducing stroking, wiping and not allowing her to lick as all these things encourage the glands to produce milk.





Hope this helps.





Love Mel.x

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HI My name is Rashmi, my birth time is 4.15 and ate is 15 jan, 1985, kindly advise if do I have kal sarp yog.?

I am planning for marraige , will this kal sarp yog affect my married life or my partner or his family...if yess tooo what extentHI My name is Rashmi, my birth time is 4.15 and ate is 15 jan, 1985, kindly advise if do I have kal sarp yog.?
hi, as far as i know it effects till some extent but there is a remidy for this if u r livin in india and know andhra pradesh if u might hav been knowing tirupathi near by this temple there is one shiva temple know kalahasti there they do that kala sarp yagam shnati for that kala sarp dosham so u can go their and do that pooja and this will help i am sure bec even my father had it and he say that he hv done it and never and ever in life he a problem wit that so called sarp dosham:)HI My name is Rashmi, my birth time is 4.15 and ate is 15 jan, 1985, kindly advise if do I have kal sarp yog.?
yes you can





you can rape eachother
No it won't as long as you both love and care for each other

African grey bathing advise required please?

My boyfriend has had an african grey for about a year and a half and he is about 2 1/2 years old now. We have noticed that whenever he gets a bath (is he bathed in the bathtub) once he is back in his cage he always wants to put his feet in his water and seems slightly agitated. Is this something we should be worried about? I have tried searching through websites but can't seem to find anything about another african grey doing this.African grey bathing advise required please?
Nothing to worry about.





Get a shallow pan (a corningware glass rectangular cake pan is what my eclectus likes to use) and fill it with one to two inches of water. Allow your parrot to bathe himself. That's really what he wants to do.African grey bathing advise required please?
That is soooo funny. Mine and someone else who commented does the same thing. Once they are wet, they want to keep playing, so as soon as they get back to the cage they finish bathing in their drinking water. Mine dips its tail feathers, head and feet in and makes a general mess of the entire room. I've tried to give her a bathing bowl on the cage bottom but it's not the same, she wants to bathe in her water bowl.
maybe he just wasn't finished playing in the water.Let him play for a bit after his bath.My Macaw does that when she wants back in the water.We give her showers on my hubbys arm under the shower.She has been know to stay and play for 30 minutes before.Loves her showers.
your bird hasn't finished his bath. my macaw takes showers with me and if he does not get enough water he will go straight to his water dish,try to get in it,spill it, then throw it. give your bird a perch or a way out of the tub and he will let you know when he is done.
http://www.netpets.org/birds/reference/b鈥?/a>





Usually Greys are not avid bathers... :) It's just their personality. Perhaps he's cold when removed from the humid environment of the bathroom? Take a few minutes in the bathroom (perhaps bring a T-stand with you) and let him shake off and relax a bit before returning to the cooler environment of the rest of the house.
parrots love bathing! i dont think he was finished!! mine always go in their water bowl for a bath!!
Our African grey used to try and bathe in his water dish is this what yours could be doing? We used to spray ours with water as he was nervous about climbing into a bowl etc for a bath. Perhaps yours wants to bathe longer? Also check the water isnt too hot or cold for him.
Mine does this too, so do my Macaws. We spray them with a water bottle because non of them like the tub or shower. We give them a good spraying with warm water. They always finish off in their water dishes. Go figure. It's not something to worry about.

We are Sri Lankans Presently in Pune for Training. Please advise a place to stay in Mumbai for about 750X6.Pls

We are hoping to come on the 10th of Feb anf leave on the 13th of Feb 2008. Appreciate any typ of assistence.We are Sri Lankans Presently in Pune for Training. Please advise a place to stay in Mumbai for about 750X6.Pls
i'm a sri lankan and we have used below sites to book hotels in chennai, delhi and mysore. but not mumbai. hope it helps. enjoy!





http://www.sulekha.com/


http://www.indiabudgethotels.com/default鈥?/a>


hthttp://www.yatra.com/We are Sri Lankans Presently in Pune for Training. Please advise a place to stay in Mumbai for about 750X6.Pls
hi! iam answering from america and though i live in america i am an indian so the best place would be a place where the motel would cost less if you want discount and a good food okay best of luck in future and your trip.
See the classified ads in Times of India or Indian Express.
Hi


What training tht you are going to do ?


I am a Sri Lankan who lives in Paris and I am planning to travel


';Buddhist PIlgrimage'; in November this year.


Advise me , I am traveling by myself, female elderely lady.
Do you want a hotel? Try indiahotelreview.com or www.mumbaimirchi.com


Be cautioned that Mumbai is very very expensive.


If you have a larger budget you can book on makemytrip.com; ezeego1in.com; cleartrip.com


You can spend a day at Kanheri caves complex in Sanjay Gandhi National Park, they are buddist caves dating back to 2 BC. Monday closed.
www.maharashtratourism.com
hey buddy....well in mumbai lots of place is der...in mumbai....mahim or matunga will be gud place for outsider...der u will get guest room...n reasonable cost also.....or stay either in new mumbai...45 kilo far from main mumbai...but i sugget u 2 saty in mahim or matunga so it will makes quite easy to travel........there a lots of people who r giving there room as guest house....
I am from North India(Delhi) so wont be in position to help u in this regard. but one thing i must tell u that if u r non-vegetarian then u must try punjabi chicken else u must try punjabi stuffed paranthas ..u wud really relish it!!!

Please can you advise me on the availabiltity of diesel in france and spain?

If you were thinking about the transport strikes in Spain - they are over now.





In fact the only reason petrol ran out in some areas was due to panic buying, otherwise it would have lasted through the strike, thanks to police escorting tankers to their destinations.





Now no queues at the petrol stations.Please can you advise me on the availabiltity of diesel in france and spain?
No problems with getting petrol or diesel now, everyone including the lorry drivers are back at work. Price of diesel is around 1.28鈧?so cheaper than UK.Please can you advise me on the availabiltity of diesel in france and spain?
????????? You find more Diesel fuel in France and Spain than in England as Diesel fuel powered vehicles are more common.
It can be found at every 'petrol station' and is often the same price in Euro's as it is in pounds here.





the problem is finding Liquified Gas or LPG!
You can find it at every petrol station...diesel cars are very common in Spain.
Diesel is widely available in France and Spain, (cheaper too)
Here in Spain there are no problems as of today....


Price for diesel today is - 1 euro 28 cents a litre